When kippah-wearing Jews and non-Jews march in Sweden to show that they have no fear, I know fear.

When anti-Semitism is again the most common currency of politics in Europe, I know fear.

When the Chief Rabbi of Lyon receives death threats with menacing photos, I know fear.

When a rabbi and his daughter are assaulted in the middle of Berlin, I know fear.

When guards patrol the streets near Rome’s Jewish school with metal detectors, searching for explosives, I know fear.

When I, a non-Jew,  receive letters saying “dear feces eating insect, scratch around the Zionist dung as it’s natural for you” and my name appears in the list of the “mafia ebraica”, I know fear.

When Bruxelles debates the criminalization of “Islamophobia” like the Soviet Union did with “deviationism”, I know  fear.